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The city of Detroit, the largest city in the state of Michigan, developed from a small fur trading post of New France to a world-class industrial powerhouse and the fourth largest American city by the mid 20th century. The city, settled in 1701, is the first European settlement above tidewater in North America.〔, p. 56.〕 After a devastating fire in 1805, Augustus B. Woodward devised a street plan similar to Pierre Charles L'Enfant's design for Washington, D.C. Detroit's monumental avenues and traffic circles fan out in radial fashion from Campus Martius Park in the heart of the city, which facilitates traffic patterns along the city's tree-lined boulevards and parks. Main thoroughfares radiate outward from the city center like spokes in a wheel. During the 19th century, Detroit grew into a thriving hub of commerce and industry, and the city spread along Jefferson Avenue, with multiple manufacturing firms taking advantage of the transportation resources afforded by the river and a parallel rail line. In the late 19th century several Gilded Age mansions were built just east of Detroit's current downtown. Detroit was referred to by some as the ''Paris of the West'' for its architecture, and for Washington Boulevard, recently electrified by Thomas Edison.〔 Throughout the 20th century various skyscrapers were built centered on Detroit's downtown. Following World War II, the auto industry boomed and the area witnessed suburban expansion. The Detroit metropolitan area has emerged as one of the largest in the United States. Immigrants and migrants have contributed significantly to Detroit's economy and culture. In the 1990s and the new millennium, the city has experienced increased revitalization. Many areas of the city are listed in the National Register of Historic Places and include National Historic Landmarks. The city with its population migration to the suburbs has had to adjust its role in the midst of a much larger metropolitan area in the 21st century. ==Beginnings== The first recorded mention of the site was in 1670s, when French missionaries found a stone idol venerated by the Indians there and destroyed it with an axe. Early settlers planted twelve missionary pear trees "named for the twelve Apostles" on the grounds of what is now Waterworks Park.〔Marzejka, Laurie J. (June 14, 2000).(Detroit's Water Works Park a gateway to the past ). ''The Detroit News''. Retrieved on January 31, 2010.〕 The city name comes from the Detroit River ((フランス語:le détroit du Lac Érie)), meaning ''the strait of Lake Erie,'' linking Lake Huron and Lake Erie; in the historical context, the strait included Lake St. Clair and the St. Clair River.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 La rivière du Détroit depuis le lac Érié, 1764 )〕 The sieur de Cadillac in 1698 proposed to his government in Paris that Detroit be established as a shelter for displaced Indian allies. Paris approved and in 1701 Cadillac led a party of 100 Frenchmen to establish a post called ''Fort Pontchartrain du Détroit'', naming it after his sponsor the comte de Pontchartrain, Minister of Marine under Louis XIV. In 1704 he was given ownership over the strenuous opposition of officials in New France. An investigation by de Pontchartrain showed Cadillac was a tyrannical profiteer whose mischief hurt the French cause, so Cadillac was removed and sent to faraway New Orleans as governor of Louisiana.〔Carl A. Brasseaux. "Lamothe Cadillac, Antoine Laumet de"; (''American National Biography Online'' Feb. 2000 )〕 Ste. Anne de Détroit, founded 1701, is the second oldest continuously operating Catholic parish in the United States; it was the first building erected in Detroit.〔, p. 19.〕 Grants of free land attracted families to Detroit, which grew to 800 people in 1765. The main business was trading furs with the Indians, using goods supplied from Montreal.〔Guillaume Teasdale, "Old Friends and New Foes: French Settlers and Indians in the Detroit River Border Region," ''Michigan Historical Review'' (2012) 38#2 pp 35-62.〕 It was the largest French village between Montreal and New Orleans.〔French Ontario in the 17th and 18th Centuries - Detroit, http://www.archives.gov.on.ca/ENGLISH/exhibits/franco_ontarian/detroit.htm, Archives of Ontario, July 14, 2008. Retrieved July 23, 2008.〕 Francois Marie Picoté, sieur de Belestre (Montreal 1719–1793), the last French commander at Fort Detroit (1758–1760), surrendered on November 29, 1760 to the British. They shortened the name to ''Detroit''. Demonstrating their independent power, several tribes in the region collaborated in Pontiac's Rebellion in 1763; they overran many smaller forts but could not subdue Detroit. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「History of Detroit」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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